Predict how an object cools (or warms) toward its surroundings with T(t) = Tₛ + (T₀ − Tₛ)·e^(−k·t) — enter the starting and ambient temperatures, the cooling constant and the time.
Newton's law of cooling says an object's temperature approaches its surroundings at a rate proportional to the temperature difference: T(t) = Tₛ + (T₀ − Tₛ)e^(−kt). The bigger the gap, the faster it cools.
The cooling constant k (per unit time) captures how quickly heat is exchanged — larger k means faster cooling. Keep k and t in matching time units. The result is given in kelvin with the Celsius equivalent.
It states that the rate of temperature change of an object is proportional to the difference between its temperature and the ambient temperature, giving T(t) = Ts + (T0−Ts)e^(−kt).
k is a positive rate constant (per unit time) that depends on the object's surface area, material and surroundings. A larger k means the object exchanges heat and cools faster.
Yes. If the object is colder than its surroundings, the same formula gives warming — the temperature rises exponentially toward the ambient value.
You can enter Celsius or Fahrenheit and the calculator converts, but it works internally in kelvin. Because only the temperature difference matters, the exponential decay is the same in any scale.